Budget Explorer · State of Vermont

Where the money comes from, and where it goes

Comparable revenue, spending, and debt for Vermont's state government, on the same Census classification used for all fifty states and every city and county in the Library. Transfers to local governments and school districts are broken out, since for most states they are the single largest line. Latest year: FY ending Jun 30, 2024.

Audited actuals · Census classification · 647K residents

Total revenue

$9.12B

$14,093 per resident

Total spending

$9.58B

$14,811 per resident

Spending per resident

$14,811

95th percentile of 50

Debt outstanding

$2.45B

$3,787 per resident · 61st percentile of 50

Own-source share

66%

61st percentile of 50

Capital share

4%

15th percentile of 50

Where the money comes from

$9.12B total

Own-source revenue (taxes, charges, interest) versus aid from other governments. Utility and trust revenue are shown alongside general revenue but run on their own books.

  • Property tax$1.31B14%
  • General sales tax$597M7%
  • Selective sales taxes$944M10%
  • Income taxes$1.50B16%
  • License & other taxes$291M3%
  • Federal aid$3.02B33%
  • State & local aid$568K0%
  • Charges & fees$643M7%
  • Interest, fines, other$630M7%
  • Liquor & insurance trust$191M2%

Own-source share of general revenue 66% · federal aid 34% · property tax is 28% of taxes

Where it goes

$9.58B total

Current operations plus capital outlay, grouped by Census function. Interest on debt and transfers to other governments are broken out so they are not hidden inside services.

  • Public welfare$2.69B28%
  • Transfers to other governments$2.56B27%
  • Education$1.44B15%
  • General government$677M7%
  • Transportation$599M6%
  • Health & hospitals$553M6%
  • Public safety$416M4%
  • Environment & housing$410M4%
  • Interest on debt$95M1%
  • Other$84M1%
  • Culture & recreation$48M1%
  • Utilities (water, power, gas)$8.4M0%
Show top functions with operating vs. capital ▸
FunctionCategoryOperatingCapitalTotal
Public welfarePublic welfare$2.65B$6.0M$2.66B
Higher educationEducation$752M$37M$789M
HighwaysTransportation$268M$319M$588M
HealthHealth & hospitals$506M$3.6M$509M
General (unallocable)General government$240M$3.4M$243M
Natural resourcesEnvironment & housing$195M$9.1M$204M
Education assistance & subsidiesEducation$202M$202M
Housing & community developmentEnvironment & housing$200M$323K$200M
K-12 educationEducation$185M$185M
Judicial & legalGeneral government$143M$5.5M$149M
Corrections (institutions)Public safety$137M$569K$138M
Education (other)Education$135M$873K$136M
Financial administrationGeneral government$129M$640K$129M
Higher education (auxiliary)Education$124M$3.7M$128M

Trend · 3 fiscal years

Nominal dollars. The Census Bureau cautions that single-government series are edited only for aggregates — read direction, not decimals.

Revenue

-6% over 2 yrs

FY2022FY2023FY2024

$9.73B$9.12B

Spending

+10% over 2 yrs

FY2022FY2023FY2024

$8.68B$9.58B

Debt outstanding

+4% over 2 yrs

FY2022FY2023FY2024

$2.35B$2.45B

How it compares · the 50 states

Percentile within the cohort on each place's latest Census year. Higher is not better — the last column says what a high reading means so you can decide whether it matters here.

MeasureVermontCohort medianPercentileHigher means
Spending per resident$14,811$9,466
95th
more spent per resident
Revenue per resident$14,093$9,800
89th
more raised per resident
Taxes per resident$7,167$4,114
95th
heavier own-tax load
Debt per resident$3,787$3,139
61st
more borrowed per resident
Own-source share of revenue66%64%
61st
less dependent on aid
Federal aid share of revenue34%35%
41st
more exposed to federal cuts
Capital share of spending4%7%
15th
more building, less operating
Interest share of spending1%1%
43rd
more spend servicing debt
Debt ÷ annual revenue0.27×0.29×
41st
more leveraged
  • Census classification categories, not this government's own budget structure. Figures are audited actuals for the fiscal year shown, not the adopted budget.
  • The Census Bureau edits unit-level data only to produce state and national aggregates and advises against reading it as a precise time series for any single government; treat year-over-year moves under ~5% as noise.
  • Employee-retirement-system revenue is excluded (published separately by Census). Utility and insurance-trust revenue are shown separately from general revenue.
  • Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Survey of State and Local Government Finances (Individual Unit public-use files), unit 500000226093 (Vermont). Retrieved 2026-09-07. Classification manual.

Spot an error, or know a better source for this place's adopted budget? Suggest an edit on the assessment.

For how this shapes what Vermont and its cities can deliver — preemption posture, revenue authority, the binding constraint — see the Vermont state profile.

The Civic Infrastructure Diagnostic Framework’s structural elements — the four cluster labels, the six capacity dimensions, and the binding-constraint framing — are licensed under CC BY 4.0. Anyone may use or adapt them with attribution. Tool implementation and full article text © 2026 JTV Advisory LLC.