Budget Explorer · State of South Dakota

Where the money comes from, and where it goes

Comparable revenue, spending, and debt for South Dakota's state government, on the same Census classification used for all fifty states and every city and county in the Library. Transfers to local governments and school districts are broken out, since for most states they are the single largest line. Latest year: FY ending Jun 30, 2024.

Audited actuals · Census classification · 910K residents

Total revenue

$6.85B

$7,534 per resident

Total spending

$7.33B

$8,059 per resident

Spending per resident

$8,059

17th percentile of 50

Debt outstanding

$4.66B

$5,120 per resident · 79th percentile of 50

Own-source share

58%

13th percentile of 50

Capital share

15%

99th percentile of 50

Where the money comes from

$6.85B total

Own-source revenue (taxes, charges, interest) versus aid from other governments. Utility and trust revenue are shown alongside general revenue but run on their own books.

  • General sales tax$1.68B24%
  • Selective sales taxes$580M8%
  • Income taxes$61M1%
  • License & other taxes$360M5%
  • Federal aid$2.84B41%
  • State & local aid$54M1%
  • Charges & fees$374M5%
  • Interest, fines, other$873M13%
  • Utility revenue$2.6M0%
  • Liquor & insurance trust$37M1%

Own-source share of general revenue 58% · federal aid 42% · property tax is 0% of taxes

Where it goes

$7.33B total

Current operations plus capital outlay, grouped by Census function. Interest on debt and transfers to other governments are broken out so they are not hidden inside services.

  • Public welfare$1.96B27%
  • Transfers to other governments$1.43B19%
  • Education$1.05B14%
  • Transportation$1.04B14%
  • General government$796M11%
  • Environment & housing$342M5%
  • Public safety$293M4%
  • Health & hospitals$222M3%
  • Interest on debt$137M2%
  • Culture & recreation$64M1%
  • Other$2.4M0%
  • Utilities (water, power, gas)$2.0M0%
Show top functions with operating vs. capital ▸
FunctionCategoryOperatingCapitalTotal
Public welfarePublic welfare$1.95B$1.0M$1.95B
HighwaysTransportation$177M$787M$964M
Higher educationEducation$646M$122M$768M
General (unallocable)General government$330M$25M$355M
Natural resourcesEnvironment & housing$233M$21M$254M
Financial administrationGeneral government$234M$1.9M$236M
HealthHealth & hospitals$152M$6.9M$159M
Corrections (institutions)Public safety$131M$20M$151M
Education (other)Education$77M$29M$107M
Higher education (auxiliary)Education$94M$433K$94M
Housing & community developmentEnvironment & housing$87M$307K$87M
Education assistance & subsidiesEducation$84M$84M
Police protectionPublic safety$68M$11M$79M
Judicial & legalGeneral government$78M$352K$78M

Trend · 3 fiscal years

Nominal dollars. The Census Bureau cautions that single-government series are edited only for aggregates — read direction, not decimals.

Revenue

-2% over 2 yrs

FY2022FY2023FY2024

$7.02B$6.85B

Spending

+19% over 2 yrs

FY2022FY2023FY2024

$6.14B$7.33B

Debt outstanding

+18% over 2 yrs

FY2022FY2023FY2024

$3.94B$4.66B

How it compares · the 50 states

Percentile within the cohort on each place's latest Census year. Higher is not better — the last column says what a high reading means so you can decide whether it matters here.

MeasureSouth DakotaCohort medianPercentileHigher means
Spending per resident$8,059$9,466
17th
more spent per resident
Revenue per resident$7,534$9,800
13th
more raised per resident
Taxes per resident$2,944$4,114
11th
heavier own-tax load
Debt per resident$5,120$3,139
79th
more borrowed per resident
Own-source share of revenue58%64%
13th
less dependent on aid
Federal aid share of revenue42%35%
85th
more exposed to federal cuts
Capital share of spending15%7%
99th
more building, less operating
Interest share of spending2%1%
81st
more spend servicing debt
Debt ÷ annual revenue0.68×0.29×
89th
more leveraged
  • Census classification categories, not this government's own budget structure. Figures are audited actuals for the fiscal year shown, not the adopted budget.
  • The Census Bureau edits unit-level data only to produce state and national aggregates and advises against reading it as a precise time series for any single government; treat year-over-year moves under ~5% as noise.
  • Employee-retirement-system revenue is excluded (published separately by Census). Utility and insurance-trust revenue are shown separately from general revenue.
  • Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Survey of State and Local Government Finances (Individual Unit public-use files), unit 460000226092 (South Dakota). Retrieved 2026-09-07. Classification manual.

Spot an error, or know a better source for this place's adopted budget? Suggest an edit on the assessment.

For how this shapes what South Dakota and its cities can deliver — preemption posture, revenue authority, the binding constraint — see the South Dakota state profile.

The Civic Infrastructure Diagnostic Framework’s structural elements — the four cluster labels, the six capacity dimensions, and the binding-constraint framing — are licensed under CC BY 4.0. Anyone may use or adapt them with attribution. Tool implementation and full article text © 2026 JTV Advisory LLC.